OPENING STATEMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT
THE PRESIDENT. [I.] Prime Minister and Mrs. Gorton, General Westmoreland, ladies and gentlemen:
We are delighted to have you here with us today.
I have an announcement or two to make.
VICE CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE ARMY
First, I should like to announce the promotion of Lieutenant General Bruce Palmer, Jr., to the full rank of General.
General Palmer will be retiring from his current position as Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army, Vietnam, to become Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army with headquarters in Washington.
He will serve as the Vice Chief of Staff to General Westmoreland,1 who will be Chief of Staff.
1Gen. William C. Westmoreland, Commander, United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, became Army Chief of Staff in July 1968.
General Palmer has a distinguished military career spanning 31 years of service. He has been in Vietnam since March 1967, serving as the Commanding General of the Second Field Forces and as the Deputy Commanding General.
COMMANDER IN' CHIEF OF THE ARMY IN THE PACIFIC
[2.] In addition, I am announcing the reassignment of General Ralph E. Haines, Jr., as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Army in the Pacific.
He will replace General Dwight E. Beach, who is retiring.
General Haines presently serves as Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
I am also announcing numerous other promotions which will be supplied to you by the Press Secretary.
TALKS WITH PRIME MINISTER GORTON
[3.] We are delighted to have with us today the distinguished Prime Minister, Mr. Gorton, and Mrs. Gorton, from Australia. Although Mr. Gorton and I had met before in Canberra, this was our first meeting since he became Prime Minister.
We took the occasion to spend a good deal of time together since his arrival last Monday.
As all of you know, the ties between Australia and the United States grow stronger each year. As part of this shared vision, and to honor our common interests and commitments, our men are now fighting side by side under General Westmoreland's leadership in Vietnam.
So we have reviewed together, with Ambassador Vance,2 who returned from the Paris talks, the progress of the Paris talks.
This morning, with General Westmoreland, we reviewed the course of the battle on the ground.
2Ambassador Cyrus R. Vance, U.S. negotiator at the Paris peace talks with North Vietnam.
As a result of our talks, I am confident that we have strengthened the bonds between our two countries as we face together the hard but the productive tasks which lie before us in the months ahead.
PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION
[4.] It now gives me very special pride to award a Presidential Unit Citation to the D Company of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment for extraordinary heroism while serving in Vietnam.
I have long had reason to know personally what we have learned as a nation over the past half century since the World War. That is, that in a fight, there is no better man to have by your side than an Australian.
Only yesterday morning I received a typical report of Australians in combat. A very small unit of the 3d Royal Australian Regiment was blocking an infiltration route toward Saigon 26 miles northeast of the capital. About 1,000 of the enemy, some fresh from North Vietnam, threw themselves against this Australian base.
Heavy fighting took place over a hours. The enemy withdrew, leaving 44 dead and 32 weapons on the battlefield. Seven prisoners were captured.
General Westmoreland sent a message of congratulations to Major General MacDonald who commands the Australian forces in Vietnam.
Now this is the kind of steady courage that we have come to expect from the Australians, and I think this is a very good moment to remind all of the American people of this fact.
The war is not being fought in Vietnam simply by Americans; it is being fought by the South Vietnamese, the Australians, the New Zealanders, the Koreans, the Thais, and the Filipinos.
Together, we shall bring a just and honorable peace to Southeast Asia, for that is our objective--and I want to repeat, that is our only objective.
From last summer to the end of March of this year, we have made a very special effort to move this war to the conference table and to peace talks.
On March 31, in a speech to the Nation,3 I said that we would undertake a major unilateral act of de-escalation. We would lift the bombing from most of the territory and population of North Vietnam, including Hanoi and Haiphong, and we would free our hands so we could concentrate every resource at our command in the search for peace.
3 See Item 170.
At that time I announced that I would not seek or accept the Presidential nomination.
I felt that these two steps might--just might--bring Hanoi to the conference table.
A month went by, but that has now happened, and these talks are being conducted in Paris.
I cannot report to the American people any substantive progress, nor can I even report that Hanoi has matched our restraint with theirs.
But if Hanoi will take responsive action, we are ready to go far and fast with them, and with others, to reduce the violence and to build a stable peace in Southeast Asia.
We have done everything that we know how to do to bring us to this point, and we shall continue to do everything that we know how to do to bring peace to the world.
Now it gives me great pleasure to present the Presidential Unit Citation to the distinguished Prime Minister.
We would be glad to have a word from him if he cares to.
REMARKS OF PRIME MINISTER GORTON
[5.] PRIME MINISTER GORTON. Mr. President, Mrs. Johnson, General Westmoreland, ladies and gentlemen:
I accept with a feeling of very great pride in my countrymen this Presidential Citation which has been awarded for their heroism in action. So I shall take it and hand it to the Chief of Staff of the Australian Army. He and all Australians will feel the same pride that I do, that this has been presented for what they on that day did.
I would like, too, to thank you, sir, during this brief visit of mine to the United States, for I leave tomorrow, for all the time which you have put aside for discussions with me, and for all the time which your senior officials and secretaries of relevant departments have put aside for discussions with me. I feel that this has been of great advantage to me, and I believe that we know each other's minds as to the problems of the Southeast Asian area generally, and as to the future we both wish to see in the Southeast Asian area generally--a future where prosperity is able to be based upon peace and peace is able to be based on an absence from fear.
I thank you, sir.
REMARKS OF GENERAL WESTMORELAND
[6.] THE PRESIDENT. General Westmoreland arrived earlier this morning and briefed me, and together--I heard a somewhat detailed report with the Prime Minister of Australia of developments in South Vietnam. I should like to ask him to summarize for the American people and for those of you who have come here today, briefly, that report he has given to us. General Westmoreland.
GENERAL WESTMORELAND. Mr. President, Mr. Prime Minister, ladies and gentlemen:
I am happy to summarize my discussion on the situation in Vietnam.
First, what are the current objectives of the enemy?
In my opinion, his primary objective is to destroy the Government of South Vietnam.
This has been his objective since 1958, but Hanoi is now emphasizing this objective more than ever before.
Secondly, he wants to develop an image of strength in the eyes of the people of the United States and the world in the hope that this will bring about an attitude of futility toward the success of our objective of a free and independent South Vietnam.
How is he attempting to accomplish these objectives?
First, by resorting to terrorizing the people, creating refugees, and attempting to coerce the people to demonstrate against the Government.
Second, by waging a massive worldwide propaganda campaign based on distorted information.
Third, by defeating Vietnamese troops and isolating them from the American and free world forces.
Fourth, by defeating the United States units for propaganda purposes.
Finally, by seizing territory and thereby strengthening his posture in the South.
The enemy is having to deploy ever-larger numbers of men from the North, and the war is destined to become increasingly more and more of a North Vietnamese invasion of the South.
The North Vietnamese are strangers to the people in the South and are unfamiliar with the area. In fact, now over 72 percent of the organized combat forces, excluding guerrillas, are North Vietnamese.
It is estimated that there are approximately 90,000 North Vietnamese soldiers in the South, with more arriving every day.
The facade that the enemy has carefully created, that this is a war of the people, has been destroyed with the influx of hordes of North Vietnamese.
But in spite of this total effort, his only victories of the last few years have been in the propaganda field.
In this connection, I am confident that the enemy is receiving false reports from his field commanders. This partially explains his alleged and exaggerated battlefield successes, which are distorted by a factor of from 3 to 12, and in some cases even more.
In summary, the enemy seems to be approaching a point of desperation; his forces are deteriorating in strength and quality.
I forecast that these trends will continue.
On the other hand, the South Vietnamese armed forces are becoming progressively stronger and more effective. Our troops and those of our free world allies continue to perform in magnificent fashion.
However, we must be prepared for continued heavy fighting ahead, especially in the northern area, the highlands, and around Saigon.
But time is on our side. Endurance on the battlefield and patience at home are required.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much, General Westmoreland. It is very difficult to give, in a few minutes, the full report that you have made today.
I have asked the General to take the statement that he dictated and reviewed with the Prime Minister and me and to make it available to you.4 You will have an opportunity to review the details of it much more at length than he has been able to go over with you now.
4The full text of General Westmoreland's statement is printed in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (vol. 4, p. 888).
We are very happy General Westmoreland is returning to Washington to take the place formerly occupied by General "Black lack" Pershing, George Marshall, and Dwight Eisenhower as Chief of Staff of the United States Army and the leader of the United States Army in this country.
His performance has been exceptional and brilliant. I look forward to working very closely with him in the days ahead.
If there are any questions that you care to ask, I will be glad to receive them.
QUESTIONS
THE BOMBING PAUSE
[7.] Q. Mr. President, in view of the step-up of the war on the enemy side, the unprecedented infiltration of men and supplies, do you have any plan to reconsider your partial bombing pause?
THE PRESIDENT. We have under consideration appropriate actions every day. They are constantly being considered. What is the proper course to bring peace in the world? What is the proper course to bring an end to the war in South Vietnam?
THE TAX BILL AND THE 6 BILLION DOLLAR SPENDING CUT
[8.] Q. Mr. President, this week the House took action that would indicate the sense of the Congress is to tie a $6 billion cut in Federal spending to any tax increase. Would you be prepared to sign a tax bill that has that big a Federal cut in it?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Yes, for nearly 2 years I have urged the Congress to pass a tax bill. That tax amounts to about I cent on the dollar.
With it, though, I think America could follow a sound fiscal course, and I have repeated those recommendations week after week and month after month.
Without it, the gates of economic chaos, I think, could open, and I think the country would face several serious problems.
First, an inflation tax of at least 4 cents on every dollar.
Second, interest rates could go up as high as 10 percent.
Third, a severe housing depression would be in the offing.
Fourth, the disappearance of our world trade surplus.
Fifth, the end of our unprecedented 87 months of prosperity in this country.
Now the Nation and the Congress are faced with a tax bill. But it has coupled with it a $6 billion requirement in a reduction of expenditures. I deeply regret that we are faced with such a choice, as I have said on several occasions.
The budget that I submitted in January blended fiscal responsibility with what we considered urgent national purpose. That tight budget was my best judgment in January, and that is my best judgment today.
Nevertheless, the President does not make laws alone. He only approves measures that the Congress has passed.
I have indicated that I would approve a tax increase with a $4 billion cutback in 1969 expenditures.
Yesterday, however, the House of Representatives defeated a motion to limit the expenditure cutback to $4 billion.
So the only choice remaining now is whether the need for a tax increase is so urgent that we must accept the $6 billion reduction.
I believe that the need for a tax increase is that urgent. I believe that the national interest requires the tax increase as soon as possible.
Therefore, if the Congress will vote for the conference report containing the tax increase and the $6 billion expenditure cut, I shall approve it.
I urge the Congress to adopt the conference report at as early a date as possible, and give me the opportunity to sign the measure.5
5 The tax increase was enacted by the Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968, approved June 28 (see Item 343).
THE PARIS PEACE TALKS
[9.] Q. Mr. President, do you share the belief of Cyrus Vance that because North Vietnam is at the conference table in Paris, it eventually wants peace and that, therefore, these talks are going to, as Mr. Vance put it, move to the end and go into full-scale peace negotiations?
THE PRESIDENT. We feel that as a result of our statement back in March, as I repeated earlier, that we had two steps to take: One was to try to get Hanoi to the conference table. That has been done.
Now how far we are going to get in those conferences is pure speculation. We don't know. We hope that we can have a satisfactory conference that will produce results.
I don't care to speculate. I do not feel it has produced any substantive results to this date.
I think we must all continue to try to explore every possible avenue; get down to substantive discussions as soon as possible.
But as to what the outcome might be, I think I would rather let developments take care of that.
THE TAX BILL
[10.] Q. Mr. President, could you tell us where, if you get this bill now through Congress, you feel you would be forced to make most of these cuts in human terms, what the country is likely to lose from that kind of a spending cut?
THE PRESIDENT. We will have to make announcements on that. But I wouldn't want to make an announcement on a measure that I have not seen, and expenditure cuts that have not been made.
After the measure gets to me, and if it is in the amount that the conference report contains, I will sign it. Then we will ask the Budget Director to review with all the departments the cuts.
We generally feel that they will be divided in non-Vietnam defense expenditures and other budget expenditures. But I do not have the time or the information that would permit me to outline in specific detail how they would add up.
DEVELOPMENTS IN FRANCE
[11.] Q. Mr. President, today, in light of what has been happening in France, there is quite a run on the French franc. I wonder if you could give us your judgment on whether that will increase or decrease the pressures on the U.S. dollar.
THE PRESIDENT. We are very hopeful that the leadership of France and the people of France will find ways and means to bring stability in that country.
We realize that the developments there not only have a serious effect on France but on the entire world. We are watching the situation very closely.
The leadership of France is taking certain steps and putting in motion certain actions. I don't care to speculate on how successful those actions will be or what their outcome will be.
I do know that it is very important to the American people and the rest of the world that we have stability in France. We deeply regret the problems that face the French people.
THE ANTI-CRIME BILL
[12.] Q. Mr. President, is the administration determined to accept an anti-crime bill even if amendments remain which would authorize wiretapping and attempt to limit Supreme Court decisions?
THE PRESIDENT. The administration very strongly favors an anti-crime bill and has for several years, and has urged the Congress to take action on a crime bill. Both Houses have now acted. That measure is in conference.
When the conferees reconcile their views, we hope the measure will come to the President. Then I will review the details of it and take the action that I believe is in the best interest of the American people.
I hope the conferees can work out the differences between the two bodies and reconcile their different viewpoints.
I would, of course, express the hope that the measure that comes to me is as near the measure that I recommended as possible, although I know that that is too much to expect.6
6The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 was approved June 19 (see Item 320).
VIETNAM CONFLICT
[13.] Q. Did General Westmoreland report that his position on the ground has been weakened by the partial halt in bombing?
THE PRESIDENT. No.
LOWERING THE VOTING AGE TO 18
[14.] Q. Mr. President, last night you advocated that the right to vote be granted to 18-year-olds across the country. Since the States set this voting age, is there anything you can do or intend to do in the time you have left in the Presidency to bring this about?
THE PRESIDENT. Over the weekend, we will be working on a very special message to Congress. A constitutional amendment will be required. The President will send that message to Congress, I hope, next week, making his recommendation.7
7See Item 341.
TROOP STRENGTH IN VIETNAM
[15.] Q. Mr. President, in view of the reports of increased casualties, and General Westrnoreland's report to you on battlefield conditions, does the administration foresee any need for a step-up or an increase in our troop strength in Vietnam beyond what you have already announced?
THE PRESIDENT. General Westmoreland has made no such recommendation.
Helen Thomas, United Press International: Thank you, Mr. President.
Note: President Johnson's one hundred and twentyseventh news conference was held at the LBJ Ranch, Johnson City, Texas, at 12:32 p.m. on Thursday, May 30, 1968.
Lyndon B. Johnson, The President's News Conference at the LBJ Ranch Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/237215